Scrum is a lightweight, iterative and incremental framework for developing, delivering, and sustaining complex products. To maintain correct grammar, this article uses normal sentence case for these terms (e.g., scrum master, daily scrum) – unless they are recognized marks (such as Certified Scrum Master and Professional Scrum Master). Many of the terms used in scrum literature are typically written with leading capitals (e.g., Scrum Master, Daily Scrum), but in many cases should not be capitalized if they are common nouns. While the trademark on the term scrum itself has been allowed to lapse, it is now deemed as a generic trademark owned by the wider community rather than an individual. While the word itself is not an acronym, its capitalized styling likely comes from an early paper by Ken Schwaber that capitalized SCRUM in its title. Scrum is occasionally seen written in all-capitals, as SCRUM. The term scrum was chosen by the paper's authors because it emphasizes teamwork. The term is borrowed from rugby, where a scrum is a formation of players. The paper was published in the Jan 1986 issue of Harvard Business Review. The software development term scrum was first used in a 1986 paper titled "The New New Product Development Game" by Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka.
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